Organisation affiliée : USAID
Type de Publication : Rapport
Date de publication : 2020
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Malaria, endemic throughout the country, is the primary cause of illness in Niger accounting for 28 percent of all illness in the country and 50 percent of all recorded deaths.
Anopheles gambiae s.l. account for the majority of malaria transmitting mosquitoes in Niger and 99 percent of the cases are caused by Plasmodium falciparum. According to Niger’s NMCP statistics, in 2018, there were 4,726,885 suspected cases of which 3,036,699 were confirmed malaria cases. Of the confirmed cases 2,795,527 were uncomplicated malaria cases, 241,172 severe malaria cases, and 4,035 malaria deaths.
According to the NMSP, between 2014 and 2015, children under five years of age accounted for about three-fifths of the burden of disease 8 (62 percent) and about three-quarters of malaria-related mortality in the country (74 percent) .
These figures underrepresent the actual situation of the country due to poor access to health facilities and weak health information system.
Malaria, endemic throughout the country, is the primary cause of illness in Niger accounting for 28 percent of all illness in the country and 50 percent of all recorded deaths
Parity rates were high in all the sites across collection period, with all the mean parity rates above 50 percent in all sites except Zindarou where the percentage of parous An. gambiae s.l. was low during both collection months. The highest mean monthly indoor resting density was in August in all sites, but Niamey V recorded peak densities in February and March as well. Low or no density was found in Agadez, Tessaoua and Ingall between October and February. For any additional information, please refer to the Entomological monitoring report.
PMI has contributed to developing capacity in the country by training staff and supporting entomological monitoring to nine sentinel sites. In addition, PMI is supporting analysis of samples in a local institution whereas prior to PMI, the NMCP shipped the samples to institutions outside the country for analyses and PMI is supporting the renovation the insectary.
This technical capacity will allow the country to monitor vector bionomics (species composition, behavior, infections rates) and insecticide susceptibility as these parameters change during the year and from year to year.
Niger’s entomological profile is similar to other West African countries with members of the Anopheles gambiae complex predominating, having slight preference to feed indoors in the hours near the middle of the night. As coverage with insecticide-based strategies such as LLINs increases, changes in vector species composition, behavior and insecticide susceptibility may change and may warrant changes in the control strategies.
Pyrethroid insecticide resistance is widespread in the country. In most areas, PBO appears to restore some of the susceptibility to some pyrethroids, a fact that suggests that PBO nets may provide better protection. In addition, mosquitoes are susceptible to chlorfenapyr and thus the next generation of nets that employs this compound should be considered. Continued monitoring of the insecticide resistance status will supply data to the NMCP and PMI for decision making related to best insecticide-based strategies to employ to better prevent transmission and mitigate insecticide resistance.
There are limited new data available on LLIN coverage since the start of PMI, but we are not expecting that the coverage increased significantly during the first year of PMI because most of the LLIN activity was focused on the elaboration of tools. At this point, the households are not fully covered.
The 2012 DHS found that 61 percent of households reported having at least one LLIN. A survey supported by PMI in the district of Gazaoua in the Maradi region and the district of Madaoua in the Tahoua region, indicated the presence of 1337 nets in 240 visited houses.
A 2018 assessment19 of continuous distribution in Niger identified several weaknesses that created inefficiencies and thus contributed to poor population access to nets.
The country will have enough LLIN for 2020. For 2021, the Global Fund will purchase nets but because the convention is not finalized yet, the exact amount is not yet known.
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